Incidencia de las complicaciones postanestésicas en pacientes sometidos a anestesia general balanceada en el Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo

Abstract

Resumen Las complicaciones postanestésicas son eventos adversos relacionados a la administración de medicamentos utilizados en eventos anestésicos y también se relacionan al tipo de cirugía y condiciones del paciente, además de que son eventos temidos por los anestesiólogos ya que repercuten directamente en la calidad de atención percibida por el paciente. Nuestro presente estudio, es observacional, transversal, descriptivo, cualitativo y retrospectivo en donde analizamos los registros en expediente clínico electrónico de 3,167 pacientes que ingresarona la Uidad de Cuidados Post-Anestésicos desde octubre del 2018 hasta junio del 2022 en el Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo con la finalidad de identificar las complicaciones postanestésicas más frecuentes presentadas en pacientes adultos sometidos a anestesia general balanceada. Se excluyeron 1,929 pacientes (61%) basados en criterior de exclusión , se incluyeron 1,218 pacientes (39%), de los cuales 75 pacientes (6%), de los cuales 33 eran pacientes femeninos y 42 del sexo masculino quienes presentaron algun tipo de complicación como lo son náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios (17 pacientes en ambos sexos), dolor agudo se presentó en 15 pacientes femeninos e hipotensión en 9 mujeres mientras que en hombres le secundó la hipotensión presentada en 8 pacientes y dolor agudo en 7 masculinos complicaciones cardiovasculares se mencionan como hipotensión y las complicaciones respiratorias no se registraron, por lo tanto se puede concluir que no existe relación directa entre edad y sexo para algunas de las complicaciones. Se incluyen un campo como “otras complicaciones” en las que se presenta desaturación, sin embargo, no se toman en cuenta como complicaciones respiratorias ya que la desaturación oscila entre 85-90%, los cuales eran parámetros previamente presentados por los pacientes en estado basal, lo que nos indica o no se descarta patología pulmonar previa a procedimiento quirúrgico, lo cual no se relaciona a efectos adversos en UCPA. Es importante mencionar, que se encontraron diversos sesgos, como lo son los relacionados a recursos humanos ya que se ha identificado un registro mínimo en diferentes horarios en que se brinda la atención perioperatoria, así como sesgos administrativos y de omisión.

Abstract Post-anesthetic complications are adverse events related to the administration of medications used in anesthetic events and are also related to the type of surgery and patient conditions, in addition to being events feared by anesthesiologists since they directly affect the quality of care perceived by the patient. patient. Our present study is observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, qualitative and retrospective, where we analyzed the records in the electronic clinical record of 3,167 patients who were admitted to the Post-Anesthetic Care Unit from October 2018 to June 2022 at the Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo with in order to identify the most frequent post-anesthetic complications presented in adult patients undergoing balanced general anesthesia. Our present study is observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, qualitative and retrospective, where we analyzed the records in the electronic clinical record of 3,167 patients who were admitted to the Post-Anesthetic Care Unit from October 2018 to June 2022 at the Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo with in order to identify the most frequent post-anesthetic complications presented in adult patients undergoing balanced general anesthesia. 1,929 patients (61%) were excluded based on exclusion criteria, 1,218 patients (39%) were included, of which 75 patients (6%), of which 33 were female patients and 42 male patients who presented some type of complication such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (17 patients in both sexes), acute pain presented in 15 female patients and hypotension in 9 women while in men it was seconded by hypotension presented in 8 patients and acute pain in 7 males Cardiovascular complications were mentioned as hypotension and respiratory complications were not recorded, therefore it can be concluded that there is no direct relationship between age and sex for some of the complications. A field is included as "other complications" in which desaturation occurs, however, they are not taken into account as respiratory complications since desaturation ranges between 85- 90%, which were parameters previously presented by patients at baseline. , which indicates whether or not pulmonary pathology prior to the surgical procedure is ruled out, which is not related to adverse effects in PACU. It is important to mention that various biases were found, such as those related to human resources, since a minimum record has been identified at different times in which perioperative care is provided, as well as administrative and omission biases.