RESUMEN:
Introducción. Dentro de la fisiopatología de la preeclampsia se han descrito
factores genéticos que aumentan la susceptibilidad a la enfermedad. Objetivo. Se
evaluó la asociación del polimorfismo rs1800247 del gen BGLAP con el riesgo y
severidad de la preeclampsia. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio de casos
(pacientes con preeclampsia con criterios de severidad) y controles (pacientes con
enfermedad hipertensiva descartada) en pacientes embarazadas del Hospital de la
Mujer Aguascalientes. El genotipo de cada paciente se determinó con la técnica
PCR-RFLP, se determinó el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y se calculó el OR para
preeclampsia para cada alelo y genotipo del rs1800247. Como prueba inferencial
se utilizó la X2 y exacta de Fisher, considerando significativa una p<0.05.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 316 pacientes, 91 casos y 225 controles. Las pacientes
con preeclampsia tuvieron significativamente mayores niveles de ácido úrico
(6.1±1.8 versus 4.9±1.6 mg/dL), menores de albúmina (3.1±0.8 versus 3.5±0.6 g/L)
y mayores de proteinuria al ingreso (299.3 ± 201.8 versus 149.0±188.7 mg/dL),
p<0.05. En mujeres sin obesidad, el genotipo CT se asoció con menor riesgo de
preeclampsia (OR=0.14, IC95% 0.002-1.100, p 0.0085). Las portadoras de 1 o 2
alelos C tuvieron menores niveles de presión arterial sistólica (118.3±14.3 mmHg
versus 133.9±23.6 mmHg) y diastólica (79.8±12.9 versus 88.11±16.5 mmHg) que
las portadoras del alelo T (p<0.01). Conclusiones. En pacientes con índice de
masa corporal normal pregestacional la presencia de uno dos alelos C, confiere
protección para el desarrollo de preeclampsia y se asocia con menores cifras de
presión arterial sistólica y diastólica.
ABSTRACT:
Introduction. Within the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, genetic factors that
increase susceptibility to the disease have been described. Objective. The
association of the rs1800247 polymorphism of the BGLAP gene with the risk and
severity of preeclampsia was evaluated. Methodology. A case study (patients with
preeclampsia with severity criteria) and controls (patients with discarded
hypertensive disease) was carried out in pregnant patients at Aguascalientes
Women's Hospital. The genotype of each patient was determined with the PCRRFLP
technique, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was determined and the OR for
preeclampsia was calculated for each allele and rs1800247 genotype. As an
inferential test, Fisher's exact X2 was used, considering p <0.05 as significant.
Results. 316 patients, 91 cases and 225 controls were included. Patients with
preeclampsia had significantly higher levels of uric acid (6.1 ± 1.8 versus 4.9 ± .1.6
mg / dL), lower albumin (3.1 ± 0.8 versus 3.5 ± 0.6 g / L) and higher proteinuria at
admission (299.3 ± 201.8 versus 149.0 ± 188.7 mg / dL), p <0.05. In women without
obesity, the CT genotype was associated with a lower risk of preeclampsia (OR =
0.14, 95% CI 0.002-1.100, p 0.0085). Carriers of 1 or 2 C alleles had lower levels of
systolic blood pressure (118.3 ± 14.3 mmHg versus 133.9 ± 23.6 mmHg) and
diastolic (79.8 ± 12.9 versus 88.11 ± 16.5 mmHg) than carriers of the T allele (p
<0.01). Conclusions In patients with normal pregestational BMI, the presence of
one two C alleles confers protection for the development of preeclampsia and is
associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
