RESUMEN
En este estudio se realizó una propagación masiva in vitro y ex vitro de plantas de Moringa oleifera provenientes de tres localidades mexicanas sin reguladores de crecimiento. Con las hojas frescas y secas de plantas de moringa in vitro y ex vitro, se realizó un estudio de composición nutrimental de; macronutrientes, proteína cruda, grasas, cenizas, extracto libre de nitrógeno (carbohidratos contenidos en el alimento), fibra cruda y aporte energético, además se observó que existe diferencia significativa de proteína, entre hojas ex vitro con la reportada en la literatura, más no en las in vitro, no existe diferencia en aporte nutrimental de macronutrientes (cenizas, grasa y fibra) entre ambas hojas comparadas con la literatura, sin embargo, las hojas in vitro son significativamente más ricas en Potasio y Sodio que las ex vitro, y no existe diferencias en el contenido de Cobre, Hierro, Zinc y Calcio de hojas in vitro y ex vitro. Para la ganancia de peso, se utilizaron ratas wistar adicionando a la dieta hojas de moringa; al final de este experimento, se observó que no hay diferencia de peso entre las ratas tratadas con los controles ni en el contenido de proteínas totales. Para analizar el efecto hipoglucemianate de hojas de moringa, se diabetizaron ratas hembras wistar con estreptozotocina; el resultado de este análisis mostró una leve reducción de glucosa sanguínea cuando se administraron extractos de moringa, en cambio para el análisis hipolipedémico se observó un efecto positivo en la reducción de colesterol y triglicéridos con extractos de moringa. A las ratas tratadas en todos los experimentos, se les hicieron cortes histológicos de páncreas y riñón para conocer la histopatología de la enfermedad y se observó que los extractos de moringa actúan como protectores de los islotes pancreáticos y protectores contra el de daño renal.
ABSTRACT
In this study a massive in vitro and ex vitro propagation of Moringa oleifera plants from three Mexican localities without growth regulators was carried out. A study of nutritional composition quantifying; macronutrients, crude protein, fats, ashes, nitrogen-free extract (carbohydrates contained in food), raw fiber and energy supply was conducted also it was observed that there is a significant difference of protein, between leaves ex vitro with the reports in the literature, but not in vitro, there is not difference in nutritional contribution of macronutriets (ash, fat and fiber) between in vitro and ex vitro leaves compared to the literature, however, the in vitro leaves have significantly more content in Potassium and Sodium than ex vitro and there is no difference in the content of Copper, Iron, Zinc and Calcium of leaves in vitro and ex vitro. For the weight gain, wistar rats were used adding moringa leaves to their diet. At the end of this experiment, it was observed that there is not difference in weight between the rats treated with the controls nor in the concentrations of total protein in serum. To analyze the hypoglucemic effect of moringa leaves, wistar female rats were diabetized with streptozotocin. As a result from this analysis a slight reduction of of blood glucose when administered moringa extracts was found. On the other hand, a positive effect on the reduction of cholesterol and triglycerides with moringa extracts was observed in the analysis. In relation to the rats treated in all experiments, histological sections of the pancreas and kidney were made to know the histopathology of the disease and it was observed that the moringa extracts act as protector of the pancreatic islets and protects against the damage of the kidney.
