PREVALENCIA Y FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA INCONTINENCIA ANAL POSTPARTO EN PACIENTES PRIMIPARAS EN EL HOSPITAL DE LA MUJER DE AGUASCALIENTES
Resumen: Incontinencia anal es la pérdida de la capacidad para controlar expulsión de gases y materias fecales. Representa un problema que invalida al enfermo; llevándolo a la pérdida de su potencial de desarrollo físico y mental y, con ello, al aislamiento familiar y social. En México, se desconoce la incidencia exacta.
Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de la incontinencia anal y los factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes primigestas y determinar los síntomas que presentaron antes y después del parto.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, analítico y transversal; de 93 pacientes primíparas atendidas en el Hospital de la Mujer. Se recabaron datos de las madres y los fetos, así como características del parto. Se realizaron encuestas telefónicas para determinar los síntomas de incontinencia anal. Se calculó la prevalencia de incontinencia anal y los factores de riesgo asociados.
Resultados: De las 93 pacientes 13.9% fueron diagnosticadas con incontinencia anal, 5.4% presentaron desgarro del esfínter anal, 3.2% refirió fuga de gases previamente y 5.4% posteriormente al parto, 5.4% refirió estreñimiento antes y 20.4% después del parto, 7.5% refirió dolor anal posterior al parto.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la incontinencia anal en pacientes primíparas en el Hospital de la Mujer es de13.9%. Los principales síntomas antes del parto fueron estreñimiento y fuga de gases, posterior al parto se agregó dolor anal. Siendo el parto el principal factor de riesgo para incontinencia anal, aumentando en aquellas pacientes con sintomatología previa al mismo, y complicaciones atribuibles al evento obstétrico.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS POSTPARTUM ASSOCIATED TO FECAL INCONTINENCY BETWEEN PRIMIGRAVIDAE PATIENTS INSIDE HOSPITAL DE LA MUJER, AGUASCALIENTES.
Abstract: Fecal Incontinent is known as capacities lose to control the expulsion of gas and material feces. It represents a problem that disables a person by taking from him or her, the ability of developing both, mind and body; isolating him or her from society and family. The precise incidence in Mexico is unknown.
Objectives: Knowing the prevalence of fecal incontinency and the risk factors that are associated to primigravidae patients, and determine the symptoms presented before and after partum.
Materials and methods: Retrospective study, observational, descriptive, analytic and transversal of 93 primigravidae patients from Hospital de la Mujer. Data from mothers and fetus were collected, as well as delivery characteristics. Telephone surveys were taken to find out about the possible symptoms associated to fecal incontinency. Prevalence and risk factors postpartum associated to fecal incontinency were calculated.
Results: From 93 patients, 13.9% were diagnosed with fecal incontinency, 5.4% presented anus sphincter tear, 3.2% mentioned gas leaking before delivery and 5.4% after delivery; 5.4% mentioned constipation before giving birth and 20.4% after giving birth; 7.5% mentioned anal pain before partum.
Conclusions: The prevalence of fecal incontinence between primigravidae patients at Hospital de la Mujer is 13.9%. The main symptoms before delivery were constipation and gas leaking, and after delivery anal pain was mentioned. Being the fact that giving birth is a risk to develop fecal incontinency, it increases among patients who show previous symptoms and complications during the obstetric event.
